Cause and Effect

Cause and Effect

You are most likely to be tested on your knowledge of cause and effectstructures in Paper 1 Reading and Use of English Part 2. Here are some example cause and effect structures: Cause  As/Because/Since ....., .......... as/because/since ..... Ex: 'As the game was cancelled, we decided to go to the cinema.' Ex: 'We decided to go to the cinema since the game was cancelled.' On account of/Owing to ....., ..... ....., on account of/owing to .....On account of/Owing to the fact that ....., ..... ....., on account of/owing to the fact that ..... Ex: Owing to the record number of subscribers to the course, we have had to create a second group. Ex: The Government decided to introduce new legislation on account of the fact that they were being heavily criticised in the newspapers. Note also!  ~ing (past participle) ....., ..... ~ed ....., ..... Ex: Being unsure of the correct response, he decided to say nothing. Ex: Having learnt that the company were on the brink of collapse, the shareholders turned against the Chairman. Ex: Deprived of a regular income, he was forced to take on menial work. Result  ..... Consequently/So/Therefore .......... and consequently/so/therefore ..... ..... resulted in ..... Ex: The driver was not paying attention to oncoming traffic. Consequently, he was not prepared when the other driver pulled out. ..... so/such ..... that ..... Ex:The car had been so well repaired that you couldn't tell it had been in an accident. Ex: It was such a surprise that he almost fainted. Note also! ..... too ..... to .......... too ..... for ..... Ex: He's too good a student to fail the exam. Ex: It was too early in the year for an accurate assessment of her ability. ..... enough ..... to .......... enough to ..... Ex: He's an able enough student to pass the exam. Ex: He's able enough to pass the exam. Cause and effect structures>> Part 2: Open Cloze Reminder: Part 2 consists of a short text which has 8 gaps. For each gap you have to add the missing word.  Example: ..... We were not far ...... into our journey to stop for a break so we decided to carry on to the next service station. Answer: 'enough'